Mental Health in an Ageing Population
Australia's population is changing shape and ageing and with this comes important challenges for society in general and for families in particular. This article looks at the impact of ageing on mental health and some of the considerations we should all bear in mind for our loved ones. The American Psychological Association has produced a valuable tip sheet on the angst often felt by the older population: Old age is often portrayed as a time of rest, reflection and opportunities to do things that were put off while raising families and pursuing careers. Unfortunately, the ageing process is not always so idyllic. Late-life events such as chronic and debilitating medical disorders, loss of friends and loved ones and the inability to take part in once-cherished activities can take a heavy toll on an ageing person's emotional well-being. An older adult may also sense a loss of control over his or her life due to failing eyesight, hearing loss and other physical changes, as well as external pressures such as limited financial resources. These and other issues often give rise to negative emotions such as sadness, anxiety, loneliness and lowered self-esteem, which in turn lead to social withdrawal and apathy. Depression A more serious outcome of ageing is chronic depression, or depression that is recurring and persistent. Chronic depression has both physical and mental consequences that may complicate an older adult's existing health condition and trigger new concerns. There is evidence that some natural body changes associated with ageing may increase a person's risk of experiencing depression. Recent studies suggest that lower concentrations of folate in the blood and nervous system may contribute to depression, mental impairment and dementia. Researchers also suspect that there may be a link between the onset of late-life depression and Alzheimer's disease. Regardless of its cause, depression can have alarming physical effects on older people. The mortality rate for elderly men and women suffering from both depression and feelings of loneliness is higher than for those who are report satisfaction with their lives. Treatment programs for depressed elderly patients suffering from cardiovascular disease and other major illnesses usually take longer than normal, and are less successful. In addition, the feelings of hopelessness and isolation that often spur thoughts of suicide are more prevalent among older adults, especially those with disabilities or confined to nursing homes. Depression can also have potentially harmful effects on an older adult's health in other ways. Depression can lead to eating habits that result in obesity or, conversely, can cause a significant loss of appetite and diminished energy levels, sometimes resulting in a condition known as geriatric anorexia. Depressed older adults also experience higher rates of insomnia and memory loss. They also have longer than normal reaction times, increasing the hazards associated with cooking, driving, self-medication and other tasks that require full attention. What you can do While ageing is an inevitable part of life, depression need not be part of it. Researchers agree that early recognition, diagnosis and treatment can counteract and prevent depression's emotional and physical consequences. Here are some issues to consider in addressing depression in an older adult:
Be aware of physical limitations. Encourage an older adult to consult with a physician before making dietary changes or undertaking any new activity that may stress his or her stamina.
Respect individual preferences. Because elderly people tend to be less amenable to lifestyle changes, they may be reluctant to adopt new habits or do things that their peers find highly enjoyable. A psychologist who specialises in aging issues can help tailor an individualised strategy to combat depression.
Be tactful. An older person with fragile self-esteem may interpret well-intentioned encouragement as further proof of his or her declining condition. Others may resent any attempts at intervention. A psychologist can help friends and family members craft positive approaches for dealing with these and other sensitive issues.
Growing old is something we all face and it's important to realise that with this process also comes a raft of physical and emotional challenges. Our elderly play a hugely important role in society, and we hope these pointers provide you with some thought-starters when interacting with your loved ones in their later years. If you would like more support in coping with your own or a family member's depression, please contact us to make an appointment today (07) 3852 2441 or info@incorporatepsychology.com.au. All appointments are strictly confidential and Medicare rebates and private health fund rebates apply. Source: The American Psychological Association 2015 (Susan Silk, PhD)
